Este ojo biónico es capaz de enviar imágenes al cerebro para restaurar la vista

Leer la mente es posible: Crean un sistema que decodifica los pensamientos

Cuando se habla de temas futuristas, la capacidad de leer la mente nunca falta en la lista. Esa parece ser una idea que a muchos les gustaría a pesar de que corremos el riesgo de estar demasiado expuestos. Aún no es posible leer la mente de la forma que algunos han planteado, pero no cabe duda que estamos un poco más cerca cada vez.

Cuando se habla de temas futuristas, la capacidad de leer la mente nunca falta en la lista. Esa parece ser una idea que a muchos les gustaría a pesar de que corremos el riesgo de estar demasiado expuestos. Aún no es posible leer la mente de la forma que algunos han planteado, pero no cabe duda que estamos un poco más cerca cada vez.

Y no, no hablamos del libro «leer la mente el cerebro y el arte de la ficción», la novela de Jorge Volpi, hablamos de un nuevo software que puede decodificar los pensamientos de las personas en tiempo real. Sí, según lo publicado en el portal de ciencia EurekAlert, un nuevo estudio asegura que es posible predecir lo que ven las personas basándose en señales eléctricas que vienen de electrodos implantados en el cerebro. Además, la decodificación ocurre a tan solo milisegundos después que la persona ve la imagen, según aseguran los científicos.

El estudio fue publicado en PLOS Computational Biology y fue conducido por el neurocientífico Rajesh Rao y el neurocirujano Jeff Ojemann de la Universidad de Washington en Seattle, Estados Unidos, junto a otros colegas, y deja claro que leer la mente es posible… o casi.

«Estamos tratando de entender, primero, cómo el cerebro humano percibe los objetos en el lóbulo temporal, y segundo, cómo podría alguien utilizar un ordenador para extraer y predecir lo que alguien está viendo en tiempo real”, explicó Rao.

Rao también indicó que en el futuro estos hallazgos podrían tener distintas aplicaciones para ayudar a personas que no pueden hablar y para quienes tienen problemas comunicándose o expresando sus pensamientos.

“Clínicamente, los resultados de nuestro trabajo se pueden utilizar para construir un mecanismo de comunicación con pacientes que se encuentran paralizados», ha señalado el doctor Rao.

La ciencia detrás de leer pensamientos

En los últimos años, los científicos han hecho grandes esfuerzos para lograr la decodificación de los pensamientos humanos. En un estudio realizado en 2011, un grupo de investigadores logró reconstruir clips de vídeo basados en la actividad cerebral de las personas que los observaban, y en 2014, dos científicos transmitieron sus pensamientos gracias a un electroencefalograma conectado a Internet. Por otro lado, otros estudios han demostrado que los ordenadores pueden “ver” lo que sueñan las personas basándose en la actividad del cerebro.

Rao y sus colegas querían ver si podían darle continuidad a estos trabajos y por ello le preguntaron a siete personas que sufren de epilepsia severa -quienes ya se habían sometido a una cirugía para el implante de electrodos en sus lóbulos temporales- si les importaría que sus pensamientos fueran descifrados.

Para lograr esto, los científicos hicieron que los participantes vieran la pantalla de un ordenador mientras pasaban de forma muy rápida diferentes imágenes, entre las que se incluyeron rostros y casas, así como pantallas blancas. Durante el experimento se le pidió a las personas estar alertas para identificar la imagen de una casa al revés.

Al mismo tiempo se conectaron los electrodos a un poderoso programa de computación capaz de analizar las señales del cerebro 1000 veces por segundo para así determinar cómo eran las señales cuando alguien estaba viendo una casa o cuando estaba viendo un rostro.

Todo esto ha resultado ser un proceso complejo, tal como se esperaba. Los resultados indican que diferentes neuronas se activan cuando una persona ve una casa y cuando ve un rostro. El estudio señala que el programa informático fue capaz de determinar el 96% de las imágenes vistas por las personas en tiempo real.

“Tradicionalmente, los científicos han estudiado las neuronas individuales», dijo Rao. «Nuestro estudio da una visión más amplia, a nivel de grandes redes de neuronas, de cómo una persona puede percibir un objeto visual complejo cuando está consciente y prestando atención”.

Este nuevo programa permite que los investigadores puedan identificar en tiempo real cuáles son las partes del cerebro que responden a ciertos estímulos, algo que sin duda podría reportar grandes beneficios para que en el futuro los médicos puedan hacer un mapa completo del cerebro humano, aseguran los científicos.

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